Story of Meissen(Meißen) Porcelain, the White Gold of Dresden
Augustus II the Strong, the Elector Prince of Saxony and the King of Poland was an avid patron of arts and decided that Dresden would be the cultural center. He also had a great liking for gold, real yellow ones. His great love, bordering on avarice, resulted in him recruiting a young alchemist work on the Goldmacher Tinktur or the Gold making formula to convert base metals to gold.
This post has been updated with latest content in July, 2023
You may say, oh not another of those stories but hold your horses. .
The alchemist, Johann Friedrich Böttger, worked on project gold for nearly six years. However, he did not succeed in producing the gold but he and his mentor, Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus, were successful in creating the white gold. While there may be a raging debate as to who brought white gold to Europe first, there is no debate as to how much it was valued during those days.
Yes, I am talking about porcelain. Porcelain was worth its weight almost as much as gold in those days and could be manufactured. When the Augustus saw this, he also saw profit in this process. He was excited and set up a factory in Meissen, Germany in 1710 and Meissen Porcelain Manufactory was born and is in business even today!
The location of the first factory was right inside the Albrechtsburg Castle itself and was its home for 150 years before the factory was moved out. Augustus chose Meissen because the small town had extensive local deposits of Kaolin, a clay ingredient needed for fine porcelain creation. The castle was quiet and isolated; a good place for work and creativity.
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After hearing the story we were now ready for the Meissen Porcelain Museum and the workshop too. Right at the entrance, greeting us was Saxonia, Saxony’s Icon specially created for the 25th anniversary of German reunification. Saxonia, who is often called the Statue of Liberty of Saxony, is perhaps the tallest free standing handmade Meissen porcelain sculpture decorated with 8000 handmade flowers on her dress. It weighs 800 kilograms, or over 1700 pounds.
Abracadabra, the enchantment rooms
To see the magic we entered the first of the studios, where fresh white clay was being transformed, first into small balls of white then into various small parts that go into making a bigger object. Every part was handmade by creating the shapes required by hand or by using a mould or by a small potter’s wheel! The clay is mixed with other secret ingredients, as per a well-protected recipe and comes to this place ready to use.
Porcelain Moulding
Porcelain Finishing
The first Meissen porcelain products produced successfully were gold decorations. Later, in 1723 multicolor enameled painting was introduced. Initially the Meissen artists created enamel porcelain paintings of oriental patterns. Then they expanded to detailed landscapes, animals, flowers and Chinese-inspired decoration.
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We were told that the white clay, called Kaolin, are mined from the company’s own mines. While the artisan was busy putting out the parts to dry; she explained that it was the Kaolin which gives the final product, translucency and other ingredients are for fluxing, color, hardness and strength.
Around this time multiple pieces are joined together to make a whole figurine, if required. Once it is dry the pieces are smoothed and sent out for first firing in the kiln. It is fired for many hours. These pieces are then sent back to another set of artisans for under-glaze painting. A few basic designs may be painted by hand and then sent back to the kiln for glazing and firing again to bond glaze, paint and the base.
After the porcelain objects return from the glazing, more intricate designs are first sketched by pencil upon the surface and later painted using bright colors by the artists. Did I say before it was magic? The steadiness of the hands and the perfection in their skills were mind blowing, to say the least. Finally, the distinctive logo of Meissen Germany, two crossed swords in blue, are painted on reflecting the mark of excellence for over 300 years.
Now the pieces are sent for final round of baking. This time to a temperature that melts the paint particles, softens the glaze there by fusing the paint onto the surface permanently. The paint may often change color during the multiple baking steps. It is the artists who have to use their experience and talent to visualize the final color while mixing the paint.
Whew!
Exhibition of Artifacts
Castle and Cathedral
House of Meissen Museum, Dresden
The museum transports us right through the 300 years of Meissen porcelain’s existence in a few minutes. From chamber pot to show pieces of varying sizes, from smallest possible to life-size Saxonia are all being created here? From dinner service to figurines to even radiators we saw a whole gamut of things that are churned out by a few hundred artisans and artists. All handmade.
We were later told that the bells of Meissen Cathedral were also made of Meissen Porcelain! We were open-jawed. A porcelain bell? How strong must it be? We always thought porcelain always broke when hit hard……no?
Some of the pieces were so beautiful and intricate that we were sure that, weight for weight, they would definitely be worth more than gold!
Procession of Princes, Dresden
How to reach:
By car – Take B6 main road
By public transport – Train from Dresden to Meissen and then city bus “C” to Porzellan Manufaktur stop.
Tip: If you happen to be in Saxony during Christmas, don’t miss the Christmas Market in the House of Meissen. And guess what… the entrance is free! 😀
Useful Information about (Meißen) Meissen Porcelain Factory and Museum
Opening Hours
Monday to Sunday.
Summer Timings – 1 May to 31 Oct – 9 AM to 6 PM,
Winter Timings – 1 Nov to 30 Apr 9 AM to 5 PM
Ticket Price for Meissen Museum
Adults Eur 10,
Children and concessions – Eur 6,
Family (2 adults + 2 children) – Eur 23.
There are other ticket options when you combine this with Albrechtsburg.
Pro Tip: If you happen to be in Saxony during Christmas, don’t miss the Christmas Market in the House of Meissen. And guess what… the entrance is free! 😀
How to Reach Meissen Porcelain Museum and Factory
By car – Take B6 main road
By public transport – Train from Dresden to Meissen and then city bus “C” to Porzellan Manufaktur stop.
Where to stay in or near Meissen, Germany?
Since Dresden is just about 30 minutes from Meissen, it is best to stay in Dresden as you will find more options for all budgets and do the excursions to various places from Dresden.
Please Click here for accommodation options in Dresden, Germany
Tips, Tidbits and Snippets about Meissen and Meissen Porcelain
- Meissen Porcelain History: Meissen Porcelain is a renowned type of European porcelain produced by the Meissen factory in Germany. It was part of East Germany before German Unification. It is just 30Km from Dresden.
- Augustus the Strong: Meissen Porcelain was first developed in 1708 under the patronage of Augustus the Strong, Elector of Saxony and King of Poland.
- Iconic Blue Onion Pattern: The Blue Onion pattern is one of Meissen’s most famous designs, featuring an intricate combination of blue floral motifs.
- Handcrafted Excellence: Each piece of Meissen Porcelain is meticulously handcrafted, showcasing the skill and craftsmanship of artisans.
- Porcelain Pioneers: The Meissen factory was the first European porcelain manufacturer, setting the stage for the industry’s growth.
- Crossed Swords Mark: Authentic Meissen Porcelain is marked with the famous crossed swords symbol, indicating its origin and quality. Earliest Meissen Porcelain Identification was AR to indicate the king, Augustus Rex.
- White Gold: Porcelain is often referred to as “white gold” due to its historical value and luxurious nature.
- Meissen Collectibles: Meissen Porcelain has become highly collectible over the centuries, with antique pieces fetching high prices at auctions.
- Influential Designs: Meissen’s porcelain designs have influenced other European porcelain manufacturers, leaving a lasting impact on the industry.
- Meissen in Museums: Many museums around the world showcase Meissen Porcelain, celebrating its artistic and historical significance.
- Royal Commemorations: Meissen Porcelain was often commissioned for special occasions and royal commemorations, making it a symbol of prestige.
- Fine Tableware: Meissen Porcelain is favored for elegant table settings, adding a touch of sophistication to any dining experience.
- Restoration and Preservation: Expert restorers work tirelessly to preserve and repair valuable Meissen Porcelain pieces, ensuring their longevity.
- Meissen Today: The Meissen company continues to produce porcelain of the highest quality, blending traditional craftsmanship with contemporary designs.
- Global Appreciation: Meissen Porcelain has a global following, with collectors and enthusiasts appreciating its historical and artistic value.
FAQ Frequently Asked Questions about Meissen Porcelain
Where is Meissen Porcelain Made?
Meissen Porcelain is crafted in the heart of Germany at Meissen Manufactory Porcelain (Porzellan-Manufaktur MEISSEN), where artistic mastery meets timeless elegance. Unleash your passion for perfection with the finest porcelain, born from centuries of tradition and innovation. Welcome to the epitome of sophistication. Meissen: Where Artistry Takes Form.
Can I order Meissen Porcelain online?
Yes, of course. Click here Meissen Online Shop
Is Meissen porcelain valuable?
Yes, Meissen porcelain is highly valuable due to its exceptional craftsmanship, historical significance, and limited production. Collectors and enthusiasts highly covet these exquisite pieces, making them sought-after and valuable in the market. No wonder it is called the “White Gold”
Is Meissen porcelain still made?
Yes, Meissen porcelain is still made today, maintaining its centuries-old tradition of excellence and craftsmanship. With a rich heritage and continued demand from collectors and connoisseurs worldwide, the production of Meissen porcelain remains vibrant and thriving.
Who owns Meissen porcelain?
Meissen porcelain is owned by the State of Saxony, Germany, through the Staatliche Porzellan-Manufaktur Meissen GmbH, ensuring its rich legacy and artistic heritage are protected and preserved for future generations.
What is Meissen Porcelain, and what sets it apart from other ceramics?
Meissen Porcelain is a type of fine porcelain that originated in the town of Meissen, Germany, in the early 18th century. It is renowned for being the first European hard-paste porcelain and is highly valued for its exquisite craftsmanship, translucent appearance, and detailed hand-painted decorations. Unlike soft-paste porcelain, Meissen Porcelain is fired at extremely high temperatures, making it more durable and capable of withstanding everyday use.
Are all Meissen Porcelain pieces hand-painted, and who were the artists responsible for their designs?
Yes, traditional Meissen Porcelain pieces are renowned for their hand-painted decorations. The factory employed skilled artists, including Johann Gregorius Höroldt and Johann Joachim Kaendler, who played a significant role in creating the iconic Meissen designs. Höroldt, in particular, was known for his brilliant use of cobalt blue underglaze decoration, while Kaendler was celebrated for his exquisite figurines and animal sculptures.
What are some of the most sought-after Meissen Porcelain designs or patterns among collectors?
Meissen Porcelain has a rich history of producing various sought-after designs and patterns. Some highly prized ones include the “Blue Onion” pattern, featuring a distinctive blue and white onion motif, the “Indian Flowers” pattern with a vivid mix of colorful floral arrangements, and the “Böttger Steinzeug” or red stoneware pieces, representing some of the earliest Meissen experiments in porcelain production. Additionally, Meissen figurines depicting allegorical or mythological scenes are also highly coveted among collectors.
How did the production of Meissen Porcelain influence the development of European ceramics?
The establishment of the Meissen Porcelain factory in 1710 had a profound impact on European ceramics. Prior to its founding, Europe relied on imported Chinese and Japanese porcelain, but the secret of hard-paste porcelain was not known outside of Asia. Meissen’s success in producing high-quality porcelain led to a surge in interest in porcelain manufacturing across Europe, inspiring other porcelain factories in countries like France, England, and Italy to emerge. Meissen’s techniques and designs became influential and served as a foundation for the development of fine porcelain traditions throughout Europe.
Have you been to Meissen Porcelain Museum? Or any other similar Museum? What was your experience?
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